The caustic mathematician Roger Casals Gutiérrez saw on his kitchen wall in 2023. Caustics are a type of singularity, a mathematical phenomenon that occurs when an surface goes through a transition.

What if the deepest part of a black hole is not defined only by crushed matter and broken spacetime, but by the logic of prime numbers? That question has moved from mathematical curiosity to a serious ...

Like physics, math has its own set of “fundamental particles”—the prime numbers, which can’t be broken down into smaller natural numbers. They can only be divided by themselves and 1. And in a new ...