Atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN) is a chronic pain condition characterized by persistent facial pain that does not respond well to conventional medical treatments, often leading to significant ...

Surgical and perioperative management approaches for orbital decompression used to treat thyroid-associated orbitopathy—also known as thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy—vary widely by ...

Expert Rev Neurother. 2007;7(11):1565-1579. Satisfactory outcomes depend on correct diagnosis, as effective pain relief is more likely to be achieved when classical features of TN are elicited, such ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED) occurs in about 40% of people with Graves’ disease. Surgery may help when TED affects eye function or structure. Orbital decompression creates more space behind the eye by ...

Bariatric surgery is associated with a lower risk for microvascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes, new research suggests. The findings, from a retrospective analysis of data from four US ...

Endoscopic orbital decompression is a surgery to treat Graves’ orbitopathy (thyroid eye disease). It removes the middle and bottom walls of the bone surrounding the eye. Surgeons use endoscopes and ...