Members can download this article in PDF format. For market growth to occur at desired levels, suppliers must meet consumer demand for compact electronic devices that integrate multiple functions. To ...

Decoupling application logic from hardware lets engineers test firmware on host machines instead of waiting for dev boards.

When learning ladder logic, I was told that some new PLC systems were moving to scripted programming languages. My instructor assured us that we would not need to know anything other than ladder logic ...

AI/ML and agentic tools are getting better at helping design and compile FPGAs, but downstream programming is slower to benefit. FPGAs historically have been designed using Verilog or VHDL, but higher ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Reliability and safety are two inter-relatable terms that define the overall effectiveness of any working system ― be it an electrical system, mechanical system, or a combination of both. The concept ...